Engine



L. F" KALB Sept. 3, 1935.

ENGINE Fi1ed Ju1y e, 1951 2 Shee'ts-Sheet l jNVENToR.

A TTORNE Y.

Sept. 3, 1935. 1.. P. KALB 2,013,157

ENGINE4 Filed July 6, 1951 2 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y.

Patented Sept. 3, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ENGINE Lewis P. Kalb, Detroit, Mich., assignmto oontinental Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Virginia `Appucauqn July s, 1931, serial Nn. 5415.781

,14 claims. (ci. 12s-.52)

My invention relatesto engines and more The intake manifold structure A includes a particularly to an intake manifold structure riser or other suitable fuel mixture conductingtherefor adapted for distributing a fuel mixture portion I3 which is connected with said carbuto the engine cylinders. retor and communicates with a fuel mixture dis- An object of my present invention is to im-v tributing chamber I4. Lateral runner portions 5 5 proveengine efficiency and perfomance by provor conduits I5 communicate with said chamber viding an improved fluid conducting and disand preferably extend in opposite directions subtributing intake manifoldv structure. stantially longitudinally of the engine and are Another object of my invention is to construct provided with portions remote from said chaman intake manifold structure for an internal comber which extend bliquely to a longitudinal plane l@ bustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and through Athe engine containing the cylinder axes. provide deflecting means for dividing the fuel These lateral runner portions may broadly be mixture after the same has attained equilibrium termed primary duid conducting portions. Secand distributing predetermined quantities of same ondary duid conducting or branch portions it to a plurality of manifold branch portions comand il are constructed in open communication w municating with the engine cylinders. with and branched from said primary conducting For a more detailed understanding of my inportions at a common junction it and l.' prefervention, reference may be had to the accompanyably designate that portion of the manifold strucing drawings which illustrate one form which ture A, adjacent the junction it of sai secondary lli u my invention may assume, and in which: portions or branches and the primary ortion, the 2p llig. l is a fragmentary' side elevational view outlet of said primary portion. of an engine equipped with an intake manifold The fluid, including both the Wet fuel and fuel structure constructed in accordance with. my inmixture is conducted to the junction lil which is vention, spaced from the fuel mixture distributing cham- Fig. 2 is al plan View of the intake manifold ber ld by the primary portion or closed conduit 25 y structure, itl, said primary portion providing a closed con- Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view duit, which is substantially straight and of unltaken substantially on the line 3-3 of liig. 2, form cross-sectional area, having a length suiil- Fig. i is a detailed vertical sectional view there cient to permit the uid introduced therein to be 3U of taken on the line t-ll of Fig. 3, established in a state of equilibrium prior to 3o Fig. 5 is ahorizontal sectional view of the manibeing divided for distribution to the secondary fold structure taken on the line d--i of Fig. 3, portions iii and il'. v

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic View of the fluid dis- 'The manifold structure is constructed adje#- tributing means illustrating relative variations in cent the junction of said secondary portions and 35 the structure for controlling fluid distribution by the primary portion in such a manner as to 35 offsetting the iluiol defiecting means with respect divide and distribute the huid into the secondary to the axis of the runner or primary fluid con portions after the fluid has attained equilibrium. ducting portion. This is preferably accomplished in the illustrated Fig. 'l is a diagrammatic View of a modified embodiment of my invention by providing a duid w structure in Which'fluid distribution control isobdeiiecting means adjacent the junction of said ifi tained by positioning said fluid deilecting means branches with the'lateral runner. Preferablmthe obllquely to the vertical axial plane of the primanifold structure is provided with a relatively mary portion, and flat wall l@ opposite to the lateral runner outlet or Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of a further modterminus and intermediate the manifold branch illed construction illustrating means for impartv or secondary portions it and il, said wall facing d5 ing directional movement to the Huid flowing the fluid flowing through said primary portion. through said primary portion for obtaining a ln the construction illustrated in Fig. 5 this wall fluid distribution into the communicating secis preferably aligned with respect to the axis of ondary portions. the runner or primary portion in such a manner m, A designates an intake manifold structure as to cause the uid stream to impinge itself 50 which is adapted for assembly with an internal thereon, said Wall being preferably positioned Icombustion engine which in general includes a substantially at right angles or perpendicular to cylinder block it vand a fuel mixture forming dethe fluid stream which is substantially parallel vice or carburetor Il. An exhaust manifold it to' the axis of the primary portion at the time 55 is cooperatively associated therewith. when said stream is impinged on said wall. 5@

This wall serves as a defiector for dividing and distributing the fluid to the branch or secondary portions I6 and H in separate streams. Due to the fact that the branch or secondary portion I6 is much shorter than the branch or secondary portion I1 and offers less resistance to the fluid flow, it is found that the fluid is distributed in such a way as to supply more of the uid to portion i6 than to portion I1. However, an intake manifold structure such as herein illustrated efiiciently distributes the fluid and is adapted for employment with multi-cylinder engines of 4, 6, or 8 cylinders.

In Figs. 6 to 8 inclusive I have illustrated the manner in which the principle of my invention may be employed in a more advantageous manner to control the distribution of the fluid for supplying substantially equal amounts of fluid to the engine cylinders. In the modified structure illustrated in Fig. 6, fluid distribution is controlled by the relative position of the deflecting Wall i9 with respect to the axis of the runner or primary iiuid conducting portion. This figure diagrammatically illustrates the portion l5 offset to one side of the other of the axis 20 but extending substantially perpendicular to the wall lil. Thus, as illustrated the fluid is divided and distributed in such a manner as to induce a relatively greater fiow of the fuel mixture in one secondary portion than the other. In the middle illustration of Fig. 6, the primary portion is offset to induce a greater fluid flow in branch or secondary portion i'i, While in the illustration at the right, the runner is offset to induce a relatively greater fiuid flow in branch or secondary portion i6. This construction is of special importance when one of the branch portions is to be connected with Siamese engine intake ports.

In Fig. 7, a further modification is illustrated in which the deflecting Wall lila is inclined obliquely to the axis of the primary portion. rlfhus, when the wall is constructed as shown in the middle illustration the fluid is acted upon after the same has attained equilibrium to deflect same in such a way as to induce a relatively greater fluid flow in manifold branch il, While in the illustration on the right, the deflecting wall is oppositely inclined obliquely to the axis of the primary conductingportion and induces a relatively greater iiuid ow in branch or secondary portion iii.

In Fig. 8 a still further modification is illustrated and shows the runner or primary fluid conducting portion being constructed adjacent the outlet thereof at the junction of the primary portion with said secondary portions whereby to provide means acting on the fluid after the same has attained equilibrium to deflect the fluid -ow in such a manner as to cause the same to impinge obliquely on the deiiecting wall i9. Thus, the fluid distribution is controlled by directing the same in the general direction of the manifold branch or secondary portion into which a relatively greater quantity of fluid is to be supplied. This is accomplished by providing deflecting projections or baffles 30 adjacent the outlet of the runner or primary portion H51 and it will be noted that the construction illustrated in the middle figure induces a relatively greater fluid flow in branch or secondary portion I6, while the illustration at the right of Fig. 8 induces a relatively greater fluid flow in the manifold branch or secondary portion Il.

It will be noted that all illustrated embodiments of my invention deflect the fluid stream at a point spaced from the fuel mixture distributing chamber I4 a distance sufficient to permit the fluid to attain equilibrium and so divides the fluid stream as to distribute the fluid in predetermined quantities to the several manifold secondary portions I6 and il.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains that various modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

l. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and a fuel mixture forming device, an intake manifold structure having a primary fuel mixture distributing chamber, a primary fuel mixture conducting portion connecting said chamber with said fuel mixture forming device, a runner portion communicating with said chamber, manifold branch portions adapted for communication with said runner portion at a point remote from the primary fuel mixture distributing chamber, said manifold structure provided with a fuel mixture deflecting wall adjacent the junction of the manifold branch portions and the runner portion, said wall positioned at an oblique angle to the vertical axial plane of the runner portion to favor fuel mixture flow into one of said manifold branch portions more than the other as determined by the relative resistance to the iiuid flow in said branch portions.

2. An intake manifold structure for an engine including a fuel mixture conducting portion, a lateral fuel mixture conducting portion communicating with said first portion, a plurality of branch fuel mixture conducting portions connecting said lateral conducting portion with the engine, and means acting on the fluid introduced into said lateral conducting portion for dividing same for distribution to said branch conducting portions, said lateral conducting portion intermediate the junction therewith of said first conducting portion and of said first branch conducting portion forming a closed straight conduitl of substantially uniform cross-section throughout its length and having a length sufficient to permit the fluid flow to attain equilibrium prior to being acted upon by said fluid dividing means.

3. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said uid to flow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary fluid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion to divide the fluid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions, said primary conducting portion providing a closed conduit connecting the distributing chamber and said junction, said conduit being substantially straight and of substantially uniform cross-sectional area lthroughout its length and having a length sufficient to substantially establish equilibrium of the fluid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction. y

4. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducying uid to said primary portion from said disi fluid conducting portions `communicating with and branched at a vcommon junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion to divide theI uid ondary portions, said primary conducting por-2' tion providing a substantially straight closed.

conduit 4connecting the distributing chamber and said junction, the straight closed portion of said conduit having a length suihcient to substantially establish equilibrium of the fluid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

5. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said fluid to flow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of vsecondary fluid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means facing lthe fluid flowing throigh said primary portion to divide the duid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions,` said primary conducting portion providing a substantially straight closed conduit connecting the distributing chamber and said junction; the straight closed portion of said conduit having an unrestricted length sufficient to substantially establish equilibrium of the fluid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

6. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing huid to said primary portion from 'said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said fluid to flow, in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary fluid conducting portions communieating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion to divide the fluid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions, said primary conducting portion providing a substantially straight closed conduitponnecting the distributing chamber and said junction, the straight closed portion of said conduit having an unrestricted length of substantially uniform cross-sectional area sufficient to substantially establish equilibrium of the fluid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

7. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder .internal combustion engine, said structure including a. distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said uid to flow in an unbalanced con'-r at the junction, said dividing means facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion andv being constructed tounequally divide-the fluid for distribution in separate streams of unequal volume to said secondary portions, said primary conducting portion providing a substantially straight closed conduit connecting the distributing chamber and said junction, the straight closed portion of said conduit having a length 'suicient to substantially establish equilibrium of the fluid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

8. An intake manifold structure for amulticylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said fluid to how in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary fluid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means comprising a at wall intermediate said -secondary portions and facing trie fluid owing through said primary portions to divide the duid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions, said primary conducting portion having a length sumcient to substantially establish equilibrium oi' the :duid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

9. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said fluid to flow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary uid conducting-portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junc- 4 tion.

10. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, .a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said fluid to flow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary fluid conducting portions communicating with and branchedat a common junction from sai'd primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means comprising a substantially flat wall providing a deflecting surface facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion and providing a deflecting surface against which the fluid is impinged to divide the fluid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions, said primary conducting portion having a iengtli-suilcient to substantially establish equilibrium of the fluid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

1i. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a distributing chamber, a primary duid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion from said distributing chamber in a manner tending to cause said uid to flow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary fluid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and dividing means at the junction, said dividing means comprising a fluid deecting wall facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion and constructed to unequally divide the fluid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions whereby to induce a greater ow of fluid in one of said secondary portions than in the other, said primary conducting portion providing a substantially straight closed conduit of substantially uniform cross sec.- tional area and having a length sufllcient to substantially establish equilibrium of the uid in said primary portion at the outlet thereof adjacent said junction.

12. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion in a manner tending to cause said fluid to flow in'an unbalanced condition into said primary portion. a plurality of'secondary uid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary poz'tion, and dividing means at the junction and facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion to divide the fluid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions, said primary portion having means adjacent the outlet thereof directing the fluid stream to said junction in such a manner as to favor the fluid flow to one side of the dividing means.

13. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure'includlng a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing fluid to said primary portion in a manner tending to cause said uid to flow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary iluid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said primary portion, and. dividing means at the junction and facing the fluid flowing through said primary portion to divide the fluid for distribution in separate streams to said secondary portions, said primary portion having fluid deflect` ing means at the outlet thereof cooperating with said dividing means to favor the fluid ilow into one of secondary portions more than into the other.

14. An intake manifold structure for a multicylinder internal combustion engine, said structure including a primary fluid conducting portion extending generally longitudinally of the engine, means for introducing uid to said primary portion in a manner tending to cause said fluid to ow in an unbalanced condition into said primary portion, a plurality of secondary fluid conducting portions communicating with and branched at a common junction from said pri-v LEWIS P. KALB. 

